Which condition would NOT fall under Fair Use?

Reproducing an entire book for sale does not fall under Fair Use because Fair Use is intended to allow limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the rights holders, primarily for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. In contrast, taking an entire book and selling it constitutes a significant use of the copyrighted work that directly competes with the original and does not qualify as fair use. The fair use doctrine is designed to strike a balance between the interests of copyright holders and the public's interest in the use of their work for transformative purposes, which is not the case when the entire work is reproduced for commercial gain.

In contrast, activities such as commenting on a book, using a movie clip in a school project, or using photos for commentary in an article typically involve transformative use—focused on critique, analysis, or education—allowing those actions to fit within the scope of Fair Use guidelines.