Which camera movement describes moving the camera forward and backward?

The correct choice is the movement referred to as 'Dolly.' This term specifically describes the action of moving the camera forward or backward along a track or smooth surface. This movement can create a more dynamic perspective within the scene, allowing the audience to feel as though they are gliding closer to or away from the subject. Dollies are often used to enhance storytelling by manipulating the viewer's perception of space and distance, which can heighten emotional impact.

In contrast, other camera movements have different definitions: panning involves rotating the camera horizontally from a fixed position, while trucking typically refers to moving the camera left or right. A pedestal movement entails raising or lowering the camera without tilting it, which adjusts the vertical perspective but doesn’t involve the forward or backward motion integral to the dolly. Understanding these distinct camera movements is essential for filmmakers to effectively convey their narratives through visual techniques.