In what situation is Fair Use most likely to apply?

Fair Use is a legal doctrine that allows for limited use of copyrighted material without needing to obtain permission from the rights holder, particularly for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. Quoting a book in a research paper is a classic example of fair use, as it typically involves using a small portion of the text to support an argument, provide context, or analyze the material within an academic framework.

In this context, the use of quotes is generally limited in scope and is intended for educational purposes, which aligns well with the criteria for fair use. The context of research emphasizes the transformative aspect of using the quoted material to create new insights or to facilitate discussion, distinguishing it from commercial uses that could harm the market value of the original work.

The other scenarios either involve extensive use of the copyrighted material or are primarily for profit, which do not fit the fair use criteria as effectively.